What are the components of lubricating oil?

  The lubricating oil is generally constituted by base oil and additives. The base oil is the main component of lubricating oil and determines the basic property of lubricating oil. The additives can remedy and improve the deficiency of base oil performance and provide some new performances which are an important component of lubricating oil. 

  1. Lubricant base oil

  The lubricant base oil mainly divided into two categories-mineral base oil and synthetic base oil. The mineral base oil is widely used (approximately above 95%), but the product mixed with synthetic base oil must be used in some application scenarios, so the synthetic base oil develops rapidly. The mineral oil base oil is made after crude oil refining. Main production processes of lubricant base oil include: atmosphere-vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, solvent refining, solvent dewaxing and clay finishing or hydro-finishing China's lubricant base oil standard was revised in 1995. The classification method was mainly modified and the standard for low setting and deep refining base oils was added. As for the production of mineral lubricating oil, it's important to choose nice crude oil. The chemical components of mineral base oil cover high boiling point and high molecular weight hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon mixture. It mainly consists of alkane (linear chain, branched chain and highly branched chain), cycloparaffin (monocyclic ring, dual ring and multiple ring), arene (mononuclear aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), naphthenic base arene, oxygenous, nitrogenous and sulfurated organic compounds and non-hydrocarbon compounds (colloid and asphaltene). 

2. Additive

The additives are the essence of modern fine lubricating oil which can improve the physicochemical property of lubricating oil, provide new lubricating oil performance or strengthen one of original performances of lubricating oil to meet high requirements after being reasonably added. The key of excellent lubricating oil quality is careful selection and balancing, reasonable allocation of additives in accordance with necessary quality and performance of lubricating oil. Common additives include: Viscosity index improvers, pour depressor, antioxidant, purification dispersant, friction relieving agent, oiliness agent, extreme pressure agent, antifoaming agent, metal deactivator, emulgator, anticorrosive, antirust agent and demulsifying agent.

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